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Что (кто) такое enclave - определение
![Belgian]] exclaves of [[Baarle-Hertog]] in the [[Netherlands]], which, in turn, have Dutch enclaves within it](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Baarle-Nassau - Baarle-Hertog-en.svg?width=200 "Belgian]] exclaves of [[Baarle-Hertog]] in the [[Netherlands]], which, in turn, have Dutch enclaves within it")
![Former [[Indo-Bangladesh enclaves]] created by the 1947 [[Partition of India]]. These were abolished in 2015 following a treaty between India and Bangladesh.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cooch-behar-enclaves-schematisch.png?width=200 "Former [[Indo-Bangladesh enclaves]] created by the 1947 [[Partition of India]]. These were abolished in 2015 following a treaty between India and Bangladesh.")
![Captain Cook Monument]] was deeded outright to the British government by the independent nation of Hawaii in 1877](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cook Monument Kealakekua.jpg?width=200 "Captain Cook Monument]] was deeded outright to the British government by the independent nation of Hawaii in 1877")
![Position of [[Lesotho]] within [[South Africa]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LocationLesotho.svg?width=200 "Position of [[Lesotho]] within [[South Africa]]")
![The [[Mauritania Railway]]. The inset shows the shorter route cutting through [[Western Sahara]] and the longer route within [[Mauritania]] through difficult terrain.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Map Mauritania Railway.png?width=200 "The [[Mauritania Railway]]. The inset shows the shorter route cutting through [[Western Sahara]] and the longer route within [[Mauritania]] through difficult terrain.")
![[[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nakhichevan03.png?width=200 "[[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]]")
![The John F. Kennedy Memorial at [[Runnymede]], [[United Kingdom]], placed on land given to the [[United States of America]] in 1965](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Runnymede-jfk.jpg?width=200 "The John F. Kennedy Memorial at [[Runnymede]], [[United Kingdom]], placed on land given to the [[United States of America]] in 1965")
Википедия
An enclave is a territory (or a small territory apart of a larger one) that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state or entity. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters.: 60 Enclave is sometimes used improperly to denote a territory that is only partly surrounded by another state. Vatican City and San Marino, both enclaved by Italy, and Lesotho, enclaved by South Africa, are completely enclaved sovereign states.
An exclave is a portion of a state or district geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory (of one or more states or districts etc). Many exclaves are also enclaves, but not all: an exclave can be surrounded by the territory of more than one state. The Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan is an example of an exclave that is not an enclave, as it borders Armenia, Turkey and Iran.
Semi-enclaves and semi-exclaves are areas that, except for possessing an unsurrounded sea border (a coastline contiguous with international waters), would otherwise be enclaves or exclaves.: 116 : 12–14 Enclaves and semi-enclaves can exist as independent states (Monaco, The Gambia and Brunei are semi-enclaves), while exclaves and semi-exclaves proper always constitute just a part of a sovereign state (like the Kaliningrad Oblast).
A pene-exclave is a part of the territory of one country that can be conveniently approached—in particular, by wheeled traffic—only through the territory of another country.: 283 Pene-exclaves are also called functional exclaves or practical exclaves.: 31 Many pene-exclaves partially border their own territorial waters (i.e., they are not surrounded by other nations' territorial waters), such as Point Roberts, Washington and Minnesota's Northwest Angle. A pene-exclave can also exist entirely on land, such as when intervening mountains render a territory inaccessible from other parts of a country except through alien territory. A commonly cited example is the Kleinwalsertal, a valley part of Vorarlberg, Austria, that is accessible only from Germany to the north.
